Welcome Guest Search | Active Topics

The Trouble with the Bond Market? Options · View
max momo
Posted: Monday, August 04, 2003 11:20:10 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/3/2003
Posts: 23
Interesting how I see no posts on the topic of the US Bond Market in the forums!

Is the Bond market not an arena that affects us all?

- Have YOU ever seen bond yields increase so dramatically in so short a time span?

-Will the yields continue up, or is the bond scheduled for another strong showing before turning lower?

- The interest rate on the 30-yr-bond has increased @20% in a month and a half; how will that affect your real estate works?

- Is the lowering of California?s credit rating to blame?

- What does the exposure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac derivatives mean to you?

- Did Fannie Mae actually see Its Business Book (mortgages both retained and guaranteed ) increase by a record 26% annualized in the second quarter fiscal year 03? Did their reported (ahem) business volume (Book) for the month of June ALMOST DOUBLE the month of May, the previous record?

-If so, why are these Stocks (FNM and FRE) both (recently) within 10% of their 52-week lows?

- Did Mr. Alan Greenspan?s deflation bluff about 6 weeks ago spook the paper holders? Why would he do this?
Did Mr. Bernanke?s comments in the last 6 weeks ameliorate or exacerbate the situation?

- Will Mr. Greenspan and his friends at the federal reserve be forced to buy the 30-year?

- Will the fed be forced to offer life support to others who bet the dark side and lost similar to Long-Term Capital Management fiasco of 1998?

- Why were the Treasury Inflation Protected Series and Series-I made so attractive two years ago? Was a bond market bubble designed by intention?

- Did the 10-year (measure weekly) Treasury Note not hit a decades new low last month, with one of the worst consecutive-day actions in US Bond history?

- Why is The United States Treasury department scheduled to offer almost 100 Billion US Dollars worth of Notes for sale within the week?

- Are these T-note sales designed for foreign or domestic consumption?

- Is not the rate of foreign consumption of US bond paper at an all time high? Is this rate sustainable?

- Are the ?bond cowboys? intentionally driving up the long term rates? If so, why?

- Will real estate prices remain a local phenomenon (location, location, location) if the bond bear emerges?
If the 30-yr yields rise, as the interest rates spike, driving up the mortgage rates, drying up the re-finance market (and drying up the commensurate equity money that had been flowing through the economy), and the resultant staving off potential buyers of increasingly expensive properties (higher interest paid); does this impact you?

- What does recent bond action portend for your currency?

How come a topic of this importance to all of our lives is receiving no comment; is it the proverbial pink elephant in the living room that has keeled over and died and now stinks to high Heaven; everyone sees, hears, and smells - but nobody feels empowered to say, much less do, anything?

Most importantly, what do YOU think about the situation?

Regards, max momo
rusty
Posted: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 2:50:26 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 2,331
Yes, bond yields will continue to rise.

Many fixed mortgage rates are tied to the 10 year bonds and many ARMs are tied to T-bills. People who borrowed with ARM's are going to be sorry next year.

If you' re not embarrassed by your offer, then you offered too much

www.LazyMentor.com

[link=http://www.lazymentor.com/RealEstate/realestatetools.html]Cool Real Estate Links[/link]
jbnimble
Posted: Tuesday, August 05, 2003 2:12:47 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 202
max momo,

I think that many more people know more about stocks than bonds, myself included. For some reason, I think bonds ARE that pink elephant in the living room.

Having read the first 7 chapters of Benjamin Graham's, "The Intelligent Investor" it seems reasonable for the "Defensive" investor (and the "Enterprising" investor for that matter) to have an approximately 50% / 50% division between stocks and bonds; no less than 25% in either stocks or bonds. I heard Jim Cramer (i.e. Kudlow & Cramer) echo these sentiments today, adding that, if you live in California, CA muicipal Bonds are something to consider at this time.

I say all this to illistrate that your point is well taken. There definitely needs to be more dicussion of bonds ayt this forum. Perhaps others, like me refrain from writing about topics they don't know a lot about. Perhaps you could lay out a few bond basics?
max momo
Posted: Wednesday, August 06, 2003 4:03:57 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/3/2003
Posts: 23
8/5/03 3yr T-Note auction: weak action.

Creation of Treasury Notes-

Like all fiat, creation starts with designation; in this case an auction or subscription.

On August 5, 03 the US Treasury held an auction for 3-year Treasury Notes to the tune of $24 USBillion. The bid/ratio was reported at 1.32. The previous T-bill action just 3 short months ago was 1.96. Would have to check, but I belive yesterdays bid/ratio, also known as 'coverage', was the worst since 1973.

Todays auction for 5-yr notes was a much more respectable 2.48 coverage. Obviously, some calls were made last night.

The one to watch is tomorrows 10-yr note auction.

The subscription rate , or coverage, is a demand indicator; in this case the demand is for USDebt, and the demand is weakening.
scott_reeve
Posted: Sunday, August 10, 2003 12:16:14 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/24/2003
Posts: 20
Inflation is the rate of generel increase in the price levels over time. It is calcualted by CPI (Consumer Price Index). The Inflation Rate is calculated by:

* Current Prices - Prev. Prices, divided by Prev. Price, x 100

Fiscal policy is the govt's policy on govt. spending. So a fiscal deficit is when spending exceeded govt. revenue for a given year.

Hope this helps,
Scott
Michinvestor
Posted: Sunday, August 10, 2003 4:49:12 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 327
The bond market is as interesting a place as any. Heres what happen in a nutshell. Everyone got out of the market fast, wanted to find a safe place, current yields on new issues were being dropped by greenspan, and lack of supply drove bond prices far ahead of where they were supposed to be (kind of). When the floodgates opended and people thought they might be stuck holding a 110 bond with rising interest rates things came back to normal. You also have to look at the stock markets performance over the same interval although it supercedes a little.

Rates are still not back to there "normal" levels and yields will continue to rise on the long bond. We seen a relatively unique interest rate curve over the past two years, as the long bond rates rise the stock market will be rising to as institutions will not want to be holding their 107-108 bonds if current yileds begin to rise in anticipation of the fed tightening.

Although the above is likely to happen it is a crazy world we live in these days and who ever know what is going to happen with geopolitical events.
StMichael
Posted: Monday, August 11, 2003 3:59:43 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/21/2003
Posts: 581
Location: Shanghai, China, but formerly from Singapore
I understand there is a relationship between bonds, interest rates and stock prices. Read it in a book somewhere but I suddenly have a memory block. Can somebody please post to remind me? Thanks!

Michael
Visit my website!

Michael Chan
http://www.senseimichael.com
Formerly out of the Rat Race but has Returned
http://www.senseimichael.com/index.php
Michinvestor
Posted: Monday, August 11, 2003 7:19:12 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 327
To keep it simple there is an inverse relationship between stocks and bonds. It is an easy concept to understand when stocks perform bad people pull money from stocks where do they put it in bonds of course and vice versa. The relationship with interest rates is harder to explain without writing a short book to keep it simple remember this rates rise bond prices fall, rates go lower bond prices rise as they have over the past two years.

StMichael
Posted: Tuesday, August 12, 2003 11:47:17 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/21/2003
Posts: 581
Location: Shanghai, China, but formerly from Singapore
Hmm...so the bond price is the fulcrum of the action? I sort of remembered it was interest rates that affects everything else. High interest rates drives money away from bonds and stocks.

Michael
Visit my website!

Michael Chan
http://www.senseimichael.com
Formerly out of the Rat Race but has Returned
http://www.senseimichael.com/index.php
Michinvestor
Posted: Wednesday, August 13, 2003 12:21:30 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 327
not sure what your talking about please elaborate. The principle I discussed above is a basic market principle, money has to go somewhere so when rates are hiigh where do you think it goes? I know it goes to bonds, I am interested to hear where you think it goes though...
max momo
Posted: Thursday, August 14, 2003 3:33:07 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/3/2003
Posts: 23
Auction on 8/7 for the 10 year Treasury Note was subscribed at 2.0, which is almost exactly at the usual and average coverage rate.

(repost to proper thread location)

After the dismal 3yr, auction on 8/5, I found the subsequent two auctions a little too perfect for my taste; i.e. someone made 'the call' Monday evening.

Who buys these notes?

The largest buyers are the central banks. The Bank of Japan has historically been one of the largest purchasers. As of late the reason has been to keep the dollar propped up, against the current reversion to the mean trajectory - which is down.

The Fed, of course, buys up oodles and oodles, as this is how they make money on top of money.

As notes mature, the Fed buys new notes on open market conditions, such as this weeks auction, profitting from the interest bearing notes. Hence, the long term holders are much more concened with coupon versus yield since the assett price fluctuation is not nearly as important for the long-term holder as the return on the assett.

Last year, the Fed sold over $24Billion in T-Notes.
Who does the fed sell to? Why, the US Treasury of course!
max momo
Posted: Thursday, August 14, 2003 4:26:25 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/3/2003
Posts: 23
8/13/03: very poor day for US Bonds
starting to look like 1987 rather than 1998 as I earlier postulated, even a more bearish scenario.

everything plays out in its own way with the fullness of time.
metals spook paper as derivatives unwind.
StMichael
Posted: Thursday, August 14, 2003 4:46:47 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/21/2003
Posts: 581
Location: Shanghai, China, but formerly from Singapore
Michinvestor,

Bank interest is considered the most secure, followed by Bonds, followed by Stocks. Yields on the other hand, typically move the other way round.

If I don't remember, when interest rates are high, bonds and stocks get depressed because people prefer to put their money somewhere more secure, liquid and less violatile. When interest rates go low, people starts to look at better returns for their money - bonds and stocks.

In a raging bull run, everybody put their money in stocks, depressing the bond market. When stocks are depressed, money goes to bonds, again because of the perception of security and violatility (but not necessarily liquidity).

I need to know if I remembered correctly! Where are the gurus when I need them?!?!?

Michael
Visit my website!

Michael Chan
http://www.senseimichael.com
Formerly out of the Rat Race but has Returned
http://www.senseimichael.com/index.php
spideyman
Posted: Thursday, August 14, 2003 11:15:21 PM

Rank: Rhodium

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 9,981
Location: broward county florida
The excepted rule is based on interest rates
As rates go higher people take money out of the stock market and buy bonds.
As rates go lower people as they cash out of bonds will buy stocks
So when the stock market goes up the bonds market is going down.
The problem now is everyone is chicken little and keeping more money in bonds or cash. They can buy a bond and know what their yield will be. When they think stocks they think enron. Smart money in my opinion is in real-estate but if its between stocks and bonds I put most of my money into stocks. I have to admit I now own some blended funds. Which I would of never done before but my time frame and strategy has changed. I dont want the short time volitility of the stocks.
I am now using my 401 as a money source. Borrow the money buy real-estate have the real-estate pay off the loan

Mich isnt there a name for when both markets head in the same direction?I seem to remember it also was used as an indicator for something.
You can learn from
aaii
powerinvestor
and dozens of others msnmoney cnnmoney

To those who are overly cautious, everything is impossible
Michinvestor
Posted: Tuesday, August 19, 2003 2:53:58 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 327
Spidey,

not exactly sure what your talking about. Stocks and bonds are inversely correlated. So when one goes up the other goes down.

At times there are price differentials, to KISS (keep it simple stupid), if short term rates are higher than long term,
A negative differential is a bearish signal and is usually followed by economic recession about 12 months later.
A high positive differential reading is a bullish signal for investors. I.E now is a good time to buy stocks.

You might also be talking about divergence, but that would apply really like between two equity indexes not bonds. The thing with technical analysis is that theres more lingo/theories than people to read about it.

I am a fundamentalist, buy good companies that make money and make sense. Is that crazy?
Michinvestor
Posted: Tuesday, August 19, 2003 3:04:26 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/20/2003
Posts: 327
St. Michael,
I am trying to follow but I am not understanding. Bank interest is set off the bond market and prime rate. Yield is just a calculation of interest relative to your investment. Hence the higher the yield on $1000 the higher your interest rate.

Bonds and stocks move inversely. When interest rates are high people buy bonds (I mean they should), when low buy stocks (I mean they should)

To learn more go to Bondsonline.com they have great literature I give to clients to learn.
max momo
Posted: Monday, September 22, 2003 1:49:28 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/3/2003
Posts: 23
Start of Fall; Fall in bonds?

Bond response to currency woes

Sept. 19 the US Dollar drops significantly, forcasting actions and decisions that would be made by the G8 conference. Early am Sept. 22 the dollar drops significantly again, as the Yen jumps like it has been goosed, with a correlating and significant sell-off of the Nikkei and a spike in the price of gold. The G8 meeting was prefaced by the hollow US threat of trade tariffs or other barriers against China should she not promise to float the Renminbi at some future date.

Would love to have been a fly on the wall at that G8 meeting. Despite official pronouncements about the ' strong dollar policy' , the reality is that US politicos desperately need a further substantial drop in the value of the US dollar above and beyond the @22% drop experienced so far in the previous year.

Will the Bank of Japan, and other central banks comply, and not buy US Treasuries? Or will more friction foment? Was the very recent bond rally another fake-out? How can US insistence that its major trading partners NOT buy US Treasuries be supportive of bonds at this juncture? What is the argument for a strong bond market at this point?
max momo
Posted: Monday, December 08, 2003 6:40:33 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/3/2003
Posts: 23
Biggest drop in 22 months for the 10-year Treasury Note Index

This means that although at Tuesday’s Federal Open Market Committee meeting the Fed will likely maneuver for a more immediate opportunity for raising the Funds Rate, the reality is that the market does not see an opportunity for raising rates until at least Dec. 04 (post election).
10-yr Yield Note Yield Friday Dec 5th: 4.215; Opened the week at 4.34.
Declining dollar, drop in 10yr yield, and election cycle paints Fed into corner by reducing tool use options. Furthermore, a miraculous productivity increase of 8% eats a fair chunk of excess capacity restraining the Fed from raising rates.
Jim816
Posted: Monday, December 08, 2003 9:33:54 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 9/8/2003
Posts: 318
Hi Max

Well I for one think that the bond market and currency issues are very important and I have taken the time to understand some of the basic relationships between Bonds, Currency Markets, Interest Rates, The Stock Market and finally, general economic growth. I learned a lot about this from reading Fortune Magazine and iin the Unniversity of New Haven (CT) Executive MBA at night program. I am far from expert and tthere are lots of people who can run circles around me on this type of topic.

The problem is tha,t as we RD PD followers know, most people are not taught even the basics of financial leteracy let alone complex and not always intuitive topics like bonds. Thus, notmany people are well versed enough to carry on talks on this toopic so it tends not to be sen in the boards too often.

The recent decline of the dollar and the increase in Debt and yes these are very much related, poses some very large risks for future econmic growth. IMHO this could very much increase and hasten a lot of the trends that RK warned us about in " Rich Dad' s Prohecy" . One of the truisms is that the financial markets are almost always more sensittive to economic changes and pick up on them well before the stock market does.

In a nut shell, running a deficit causes inflation pressures. This cause bond yields to go up and bond prices to go down. This is bad for existing bonds cause who wants to own an old bond paying 3% when the new one is at a more attractive 5% so the price of the 3% bond will fall in value versus the 5%. Rising bonds and interest rates will cause the stock market to go down. I seem to remeber reading that the general rule is that for every 1% rise in interest rates the market declines aout 10%.

Rising interest rates will also hurt real estate value especially as people with ARMs see there costs go up. Rising rates will see the dollar fall versus other currencies. The world currency markets are expecting US inflation and that is why the dollar is setting new lows against the Euro right now. Again the currency markets move first the bonds move second and the stock market will move last.

I am not pulling out of the market just yet but I do fear that these trends do not bode well.
for the US Stock Market in 2004. Everybody is expecting a recovery and it may yet happen because there are a lot of positive factors that could kick in for stocks in 2004. We could see increased econonmic growth. There is a lot of pent up demand especially in technology cause corporations have not been buying as much over the past few years and technonlogy is now perishable (IE computers need to ber eventually replaced, New software is more productive then old) but against these positives is the negatives of the deficit that could derail our young recovery. Hard to say which way it will go but it is a very large debate made more complicated by the upcoming Presidential election cycle.

Hope this all helps. Tthis is a very good thread and a worthy discussion to be having.

Jim Gerber
Market America Unfranchise Owner
www.ItsAboutTime.unfranchise.com
uzigizag
Posted: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 12:42:06 AM
Rank: Silver

Joined: 11/5/2003
Posts: 104
Max, I touched upon this point in my very first post in this forum. I too felt the mood of the posters was euphoric over RE and not looking at the bond train barreling towards us. I’ve wrote this before and will continue to say that US bonds fate are in the hands of foreigners, namely Asian’s. They hold approx 37% of US treasuries. When the lose confidence in the US$, they will sell dollars and US treasuries. Sell off will spike interest rates. Bad for RE obviously but it will stem the outflow of US$ leaving and temporarily prop up the dollar.

P.S. My gold, silver and Cdn$ calls, US$ puts are performing wonderfully. I expect a brief rally in the US$ tomorrow but back to its continued debasement. Profits from this will purchase RE after rising rates and unemployment knock it down a couple notches.

Read a great quote that in 1929, John D. Rockefeller decided that it was time to sell shares when even a shoe – shine boy offered him a share tip. During the past week, the author of an article was advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser that “you cant go wrong” investing in housing-the more you own the better.
Is this scientific? No. But is sure is a great measure of the madness of crowds. The RE side of the ship is definitely tilted and taking on water. When the water cooler talk begins to focus on gold, silver, precious metals, bond bubbles, US$ puts and how they can’t sell their house without taking a loss, I’ll wait a bit until the froth builds, then step out the back door into RE. Not one person has mentioned the above. In conversation people tell me what they are invested in and it does not include the above. Good sign that its still early.
Must remember. If you have a security that is not performing, in most cases it is extremely liquid. Call, log on and sell. Bingo. RE is very illiquid and most of Americans net worth is concentrated in this illiquid sector. Wait and see. I hope many of you are still around when this begins to occur and we’ll discuss in more graphic detail.
sean27
Posted: Tuesday, December 09, 2003 3:56:11 AM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 11/20/2003
Posts: 63
Quote:
ORIGINAL: rusty

Yes, bond yields will continue to rise.

Many fixed mortgage rates are tied to the 10 year bonds and many ARMs are tied to T-bills. People who borrowed with ARM' s are going to be sorry next year.


My dad and I just had a long talk about this a few weeks ago and then after reading about what is happening with the dollar the last couple days it is starting to look a little scary. Looks like they are holding back the flood gates for as long as they can, but when they open up, watch out........ it is going to be wicked.

[link=http://www.diverseconnections.com/]Diverse Connections[/link]
[link=http://www.aboutonlinebusiness.com/]Online Business Information[/link]
max m
Posted: Monday, January 12, 2004 6:17:31 PM
Rank: Gold

Joined: 1/12/2004
Posts: 171
New year, new look, same great topic: Bonds!

Last week' s new issue coverage again below 2. The Bank of Japan bought over another 20Billion Yen worth. Wtih all yields currently under 5%, how long can BOJ keep buying US Treasuries, while the dollar still plummets? Should the BOJ throw in the towel, would European Central Banks step up to the plate to stem a bloated euro value? If not the European CBs, than who? Should a technical bounce in the USD at 80 stem the tide? How do Bonds affect YOUR life? They most assuredly do.

Financing Reality through Precious Metals and Mining.

StMichael
Posted: Monday, January 12, 2004 8:28:22 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 8/21/2003
Posts: 581
Location: Shanghai, China, but formerly from Singapore
Mich,

So in other words, the interest offered by banks on your deposits is based on bond yields? Am I right to say this? Which means that bond yields and bank interest move in the same direction, while stocks move in the opposite?

What I wrote earlier was based on the investing public. The normal person puts their money in FD (you call them CD in the US). When the CD interest gets disgusting (like here in Singapore, where we are talking about 0.5% p.a. - yes, 0.5%, not 5%!), money moves over to stocks (not bonds since they generally don' t understand bonds). For those who do understand bonds, I would have thought they would park their money there - less liquid than CD, but definitely higher yields due to the perceived risk.

Looks like I have a lot of reading to do...

Michael Chan
http://www.senseimichael.com
Formerly out of the Rat Race but has Returned
http://www.senseimichael.com/index.php
max m
Posted: Tuesday, January 13, 2004 4:49:00 PM
Rank: Gold

Joined: 1/12/2004
Posts: 171
Interest rates that the banks pay are affected by supply and demand, less Keynsian intervention.

Supply and demand for money.
Money supply is measured, in the US, as M1, M2, and M3. (Actions of the M3 has been very interesting as of late; perhaps forecasting fall of yield rates below 5%?).
On the supply side, there has been too much supply of the USDollar (USD). The only entity publicly voicing a demand is the Band of Japan (BOJ). Recent comments by the European Central Bank (ECB) head – see recent stories at Forex for example, suggest that the ECB may start buying USD to support the Euro. That is, the ECB does not want the euro to strengthen anymore, for mostly the same reasons that neither the BOJ nor the US, nor practically anybody else, want their currencies to strengthen. Currently, it is a race to the bottom for fiat devaluation.

Some countries can be characterized as having taken an intriguingly shrewd move by tying their currency to the USD (see Renminbi etc.). So, they do not need to set a central bank fiscal policy (for that matter, why should a government have a fiscal policy?) to buy the USD (via the offereing of US Treasuries).

On the demand side, what little demand there is for short-term and low-interest paying securities (Certificate of Deposits, Money Markets) is offset somewhat by a public reluctant to put more monies into equity markets that have 1) Entered a secular bear [although the US equity markets made 2003 gains of approximately 25%, this amount was entirely offset by depreciation of the USD, for a net negative loss (less CPI and opportunity costs) for the fourth year running] and 2) been shaken by increasing string of mis-management stories in corporations and mutual funds.

Furthermore, on the supply side – short term interest rates in the US are affected by both the Federal Funds rate set every quarter by the Federal Open Market Committee (US Federal Reserve) and the long term bond rates. The long term bond rates are a more accurate indicator of market forces, since the Fed Funds rate has less impact on long rates vs. short rates.

Long term rates and short term rates can move independently. Long term and short term interest rates should be different; after all – you want more interest paid for a longer commitment, right? The flattening of the yield curve is a sign of troubled bond markets, with approaches toward backwardation especially troubling (where short term rates are larger than long term rates).

Bond yields fall when bond price rises. Price rises when buyers believe that future issues will have lower coupon rates, thus making previous issues with higher rates a more attractive offering. Rising prices lower yields. Falling yields suggest that longer term rates will continue to remain steady or even fall as bond buyers grab at shorter term securities, perhaps with the belief that the Fed is not able to raise fund rates – politically - until after the US elections in Nov. nor fiscally – because of a weak US economic picture, despite some glamorous predictions to the contrary and humorous suggestions of current ‘re-inflation’, supposedly evidenced by ‘increasing’ equity and housing prices (values) against the telling performance of the M3. Yes, Fed fund rates can maintain at 45 year lows for a long time, or drag even lower. See the story of Japan

Financing Reality through Precious Metals and Mining.

vdcnorth
Posted: Tuesday, January 13, 2004 11:41:23 PM
Rank: Copper

Joined: 12/29/2003
Posts: 6
Max: I think you have alot of good points. I' ve been thinking that the top of the real estate market might be caused by FNM or FRE. If so their stocks would fall dramatically. An indirect hedge would be to buy " catastrophe insurance" in the form of puts on FNM or FRE. One could buy these puts based on the equivalent notional amount of our r.e. exposure.

Any thoughts on how to hedge real estate exposure?
Users browsing this topic
guest


Forum Jump
You cannot post new topics in this forum.
You cannot reply to topics in this forum.
You cannot delete your posts in this forum.
You cannot edit your posts in this forum.
You cannot create polls in this forum.
You cannot vote in polls in this forum.
©2010 CASHFLOW Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Other Network Sites:

Follow us on: FacebookFacebook